Incidence of Penile Fracture in Iran, a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Penile fracture is a urological emergency requiring proper diagnosis and treatment. Limited studies conducted in Iran have reported high prevalence of this problem (9.9 per 100,000 male population). In this study, we also examined the causes and symptoms, as well as the type of treatment physicians choose so that in the future, we can use this data to educate physicians and other people in the community about this disease. Methods: First, all urologists across the country were contacted and informed about the project. Then, from February 2017 to February 2018, a pre-prepared questionnaire containing the required information was sent to them and they were asked to complete and send this questionnaire in case of a penile fracture. Then, every two weeks, we reconnected all urologists in different ways (email, phone call, virtual networks, etc.) and collected relevant data. Finally, all data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 19.  Results: The incidence of penile fractures was estimated to be 2.5 per 100,000 men (from 0.38 in the age range of 69-60 years to 3.9 in the age range of 39-30 years). The most common causes of penile fractures were sexual intercourse (64.8%), followed by non-sexual trauma (16.9%) and masturbation (13.3%). Pain, edema and discoloration of the penis were the most common symptoms at the time of admission (83.6%) and most patients (84%) had referred to a physician within the first 24 hours after the accident. 78.9% of urologists believed in emergency surgical treatment, while 20.3% believed in delayed surgical treatment and 0.7% believed in supportive treatment. Conclusion: Because of the cultural diversity of Iran, the rate of penile fracture is very different in different parts of Iran, but its rate is much lower than previous studies

The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Management with the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment

Abstract: For many years, at the competitive examination, Yazd province students have the highest acceptance rate to enter university. The attention to knowledge management and its impact in the creation of an intangible capital type (but vital) called intellectual investment among employees and institutional managers responsible to educate are an indispensable necessity in the education department of Yazd province. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of intellectual capital on knowledge management with the interceding role of organizational commitment in the General Office of Education in Yazd province, Iran. The results showed that intellectual capital affects knowledge management and intellectual capital is imperative for organizational commitment. Organizational commitment influences knowledge management. Organizational commitment has a significant positive mediation effect in the influencing of intellectual capital on knowledge management.Key Words: intellectual capital, knowledge management, organizational commitment, knowledge creation, knowledge sharingAbstrak: Bertahun-tahun, pada ujian kompetitif, siswa provinsi Yazd memiliki tingkat penerimaan tertinggi untuk masuk ke universitas. Perhatian terhadap manajemen pengetahuan dan dampaknya dalam penciptaan modal tidak berwujud (tetapi vital) yang disebut investasi intelektual di antara karyawan dan manajer institusional yang bertanggung jawab untuk mendidik adalah kebutuhan yang sangat diperlukan di departemen pendidikan provinsi Yazd. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menyelidiki efek modal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan dengan peran menjadi perantara komitmen organisasi di Departemen Pendidikan provinsi Yazd, Iran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektual mempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan dan modal intelektual sangat penting untuk komitmen organisasi. Komitmen organisasi mempengaruhi manajemen pengetahuan. Komitmen organisasi memiliki efek mediasi positif yang signifikan dalam mempengaruhi modal intelektual pada manajemen pengetahuan.Kata kunci: modal intelektual, manajemen pengetahuan, komitmen organisasi, penciptaan pengetahuan, penyebaran pengetahua